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Wounds by hail | deutsch

Symptoms    Loss of leaves or needles; death of shoots, twigs, branches and rarely the whole tree; hail wounds are typically located on the upper surface of a twig or branch; they are variing considerably in size and shape dependent on the size of the hailstones as well as the type of the bark; they are mostly roundish, heavy hail storms may detach twigs and branches or peeling off the bark.
Impact    Hail may defoliate whole stands; the wounds may be – depending on the tree species, places of infection for bark damaging fungi (see Cytospora-species) or bluestain fungi. Furthermore, they may weaken trees and make them susceptible to various secondary parasites.
Control    Removal of heavily damaged trees to prevent development of populations of secondary biotic agents
Hosts   All tree species;
Affected plant parts    Leaf; Needle; Shoot/Twig/Branch; Stem;


Damage by hail on a twig of a fir causing death of the distal parts
Already callused (healed) hail wound on a fir twig
Young stem of a willow with stripewise torn bark
Spruce with heavy, but healed round wound by hail
Hail damage in a stand (foto Oberoesterreichische Landesregierung)


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