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| Analysis - view details of type of pest/disease/disorder | |
| Symptoms | Ozone: yellow, dark reddish mottling or bronze colored discoloration of the upper side of the leaf, interveinal; lower leaf surface without symptoms; more intense on older than on young leaves. sulphur dioxide: yellow discoloration of the current years needles, extending from the needle tips; yellowish leaf discoloration, extending from the central part of the leaf, interveinal. Fluor hydrogen: on conifers resembling damage by sulphur dioxide; on braodleaved trees discoloration extending from the rim of the leaf or spots between the veins. Chloric hydrogen: yellowing or reddening of the leaf rim, shoot dieback and death of plants; the symptoms can be mistaken for nutrient deficiencies, drought damage or fungal diseases. | |
| Impact | Ozone: even in high dosage (on slopes of mountains loaded by industrial aerial pollutants) not defined as an agent weakening the trees (even loss in increment doubtful); longtime effects and combined effects with other agents unknown. sulphur dioxide, fluor hydrogen and chloric hydrogen: high doses cause decline of plants in the surrounding of emission sources.
Further information: the BFW operates an Austria-wide bio-monitoring for Norway spruces and pines (ca. 1500 trees/year) to assess immissions (Bioindikatornetz). |
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| Control | None possible; in the vicinity of emission sources use of tolerant species for afforestation. Examples for immission-tolerant species: sulphur dioxide – Cedar, Sycamore maple, Edible chestnut, Elderberry, Thuja, Plane, Black pine; fluor hydrogen – Common alder, Thuja, Oaks, Planes, Willows | |
| Hosts | All tree species; Apple; Birch; Pear; Beech; Boxelder; Douglas fir; European mountain ash; Edible chestnut; English ivy; Yew; Oak; Wild service tree; Alder; Ash; Ex-Robinia; Serviceberry; Spruce; Lilac; Forsythia ; Framire; Ginkgo; Tree-of-heaven; European Hornbeam; Dogwood; Hazel; Hemlock; Elder; Hophornbeam; Pine; Cherry; Buckthorn; Larch; Thuja; Privet; Linden, Lime; Magnolia; Redwood; Giant sequoia; Mulberry; Common whitebeam; Common medlar; Cotoneaster; Olive tree; Poplar; Bladdernut; Plane; Rhododendron; Leyland cypress; Rose; Horse chestnut; False Cypress; Japanese Pagoda tree; Spindle; Holly; Fir; Southern Catalpa; Elm; Juniper; Walnut; Willow; Common grape wine; Hawthorne; Cedar; Hackberry; | |
| Affected plant parts | Leaf; Needle; Root; Shoot/Twig/Branch; Stem; |
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| Fir: damage by chloride |
Ash: ozone symptoms |
Pine: symptoms by fluor |
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| Maple: symptoms by sulphur dioxide |
Spruce: combined fluor/sulphur dioxide symptoms |
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